浅谈地质钻孔编录

付 涛

(辽宁省工程技术学校 辽宁 沈阳 110034)

[摘 要]地质钻孔编录工作，在地质工作中占有举足轻重的地位。无论是何种矿石种类，矿山大小，最终的储量估算都离不开钻孔编录工作所记录的数据、岩性，本文对地质钻探过程中钻孔编录工作做以详细介绍。

[关键词]地质;钻孔; 编录

中图分类号:P624.5 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-914X(2014)17-0346-02

The Research of Bilingual Teaching on

Gao Peiyu

Shanxi taiyuan bilingual kindergarten

To define aWhat is bilingual teaching? , according to the popular is \"inforeign languages (mainly English) in the teaching of non-languagesubjects, for students to create an environment of\" close contact\"with English.\" This method of the bilingual teaching as a foreignlanguage teaching is not comprehensive enough. In today's world,there are a lot of multicultural countries according to their own actualsituation, in some schools to implement the bilingual teaching, bilingualteaching in terms of its original intention, is mainly refers to themulticultural a language policy of the country, not just a kind ofteaching method.For example, the mainstream American society's language is English,in order to make the English race children learn English well, at thesame time to preserve their native language and culture tradition, theUnited States congress passed legislation about bilingual education in1968, some states in implementing bilingual teaching for non-englishspeaking children in public schools: some courses in English teaching,some by students' native language teaching, so that they can notonly into the mainstream society, and to keep the national cultureand tradition.Our country is a multi-ethnic country, the bilingual teaching insome ethnic minority areas shall, students not only learning theirnative language and culture, and learning Chinese. But English is aforeign language for Chinese people, the main purpose of learningEnglish is the language communicative functions into full play. In astrict sense, the English teaching in China is not belongs to thecategory of the bilingual teaching. English bilingual teaching in largescope, is not in conformity with the actual Chinese language. Landutility (fudan university)Definition 2According to the British famous LangMan publishing LangManapplied linguistics dictionary the definition, the bilingual teaching isto point to to use a second language or foreign language in school forthe teaching of different subjects. Specific include several forms: schoolsuse a not use of language teaching at home, this is sometimes calledtype immersion bilingual teaching. Using native language studentsjust entered school, and then gradually used on part of the subject ofteaching a second language, still use of mother tongue teaching othersubjects, this is sometimes called in bilingual teaching. After studentsenter the school part or all of the use of mother tongue, and then agradual shift to only use the second language teaching, this issometimes called transitional bilingual education.In short, the definition of bilingual teaching is: will the students'foreign language or second language teaching and environment,through after several stages of training, to replace or close to theexpression level of their mother tongue. In China, bilingual teachingis to point to in addition to the Chinese, use a foreign language asthe main language classroom discipline teaching, at present mostly inEnglish. China's bilingual teaching environment determines its belongto the category of foreign language teaching, instead of a secondlanguage teaching. So can only be defined in the above type ofbilingual teaching.

中图分类号:G416 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-914X(2014)17-0345-01

一、地质工作中钻探工作的目的及任务

首先我们要了解什么是钻探，以及钻探工作的目的及任务。钻探工程是主要的矿产勘查手段。通过钻探，调查了解矿化体、矿体在深部赋存的规模、形态、产状、厚度和有用组分的变化规模；调查了解矿化体、矿体与地层、构造、岩浆岩的相互关系，为矿床评价提供依据。

二、工作要求

1、按勘查设计施工。当地质情况或施工条件发生重大变化而需要修改设计时，应研究提出设计修改意见，经报审后执行。

2、编录人员应熟悉矿区的基本地质特征，了解和掌握原始编录的有关规定、程序、要求、方法等，熟悉和了解钻孔施工设计情况。

3、钻孔编录工作，应随钻孔施工的进度在钻探施工现场及时进行，在预计见矿深度，编录人员要跟综指导，确保钻探质量。

三、工作程序

(一)开孔前的地质工作

1、现场核实设计的钻孔施工位置

熟悉和了解有关的地质资料，对比具体的地质情况。如无变化则填写《钻孔定位和机械安装通知书》，地质人员到现场布设孔位。

2、开孔前检查

开孔前，地质人员应重点检查孔口位置是否符合设计，钻机立轴方位（斜孔）和倾角是否符合设计要求。检查合格后，由地质人员填写《钻孔开孔通知书》，送交机台，方可开钻。

(二)钻进中的地质工作

1、岩矿心及各项记录检查

(1)钻孔编录人员在钻孔施工过程中，应及时到现场检查，及时发现并解决问题。

(2)检查岩矿心的摆放顺序是否颠倒及混乱,有无拉长现象。核对岩矿心的长度、块数及编号，岩心牌与钻探班报表是否符合。

(3)岩心编号：大于5cm的岩心用红油漆（或防水笔，下同）编号。编号用代分数形式：整数代表回次号，分母为本回次岩心总块数，分子为本块岩心的序号。例：某钻孔第7回次有4块岩心，其编号如图所示。岩心照相岩矿心检查整理后，应用数码相机按顺序以箱为单位逐一对岩心进行拍照，并作好原始资料存档。

2、钻孔原始地质编录

(1)分层：按回次认真观察岩矿心特点，根据矿区厘定的分层标准对岩矿心进行分层。

(2)填写《钻孔原始地质记录表》

《钻孔原始地质记录表》是野外钻探工作第一手资料，要认真填写，并秉承按实际情况编写，逐级检察的工作原则保持野外钻孔编录工作的准确实效性。

(3)分层厚度、分层采取率计算

分层厚度＝本分层底板的换层井深－前一分层底板的换层井深。下图中，7层厚度＝135.43－128.00＝7.43(m)分层采取率＝分层岩心长÷分层进尺×100%。＝5.80÷7.43×100%＝78%。

(4)岩（矿）心厚度测定与计算

直接丈量：当钻孔垂直矿层钻进，且岩心采取率为100％时可直接丈量岩（矿）心，取得厚度数据。计算：若岩（矿）心采取率较低，除丈量岩（矿）心长度外， 还要除以采取率，

 (5)岩（矿）心描述

岩（矿）心描述内容主要为：

（a）岩（矿）石名称、颜色、结构构造、矿物成分、矿化特征、蚀变现象、构造破碎情况及次生变化等。（b）测量岩心标志面（层面、片理面、断裂面、接触界线等）与岩心轴夹角。c）对每一段岩（矿）心均应进行详细观察描述。为了避免重复，一般按不同岩性、不同矿层或矿石类型进行分层记录。厚大的单一岩（矿）层必须进行系统观察，以免遗漏地质现象。对岩层、矿化、蚀变在小范围内有所变化时应丈量出具体深度并注明。记录内容要求繁简适度，重点突出，针对性强。对矿心及顶底板，矿化蚀变带和构造部位等应详细描述。

(6)布设样品

在观察、分层的基础上进行样品布设。样品应分矿石类型、品级，分段连续布置。布样的“五不原则”：

(a)同一件样品不得跨越不同孔径；

(b)同一件样品不得跨越不同矿种的矿层；

(c)同一件样品不得跨越不同矿石自然类型及工业品级；

(7)岩矿心采取率

在固体矿产勘探取心中，一般平均岩心采取率应达到70%以上，矿化带、重要标志层、矿体(层)及顶底板3～5m范围内，采取率应达到85%以上。

(8)钻孔弯曲与测量间距

机台应及时测量钻孔顶角及方位角，将测量结果填入《钻孔弯曲测量结果